DSM-II-R criteria for diagnosis of Schizophrenia

A. Presence of characteristic symptoms in the active phase: either (1), (2) or (3) for at least one week (unless the symptoms are successfully treated).
1. Two of the following:
(a) delusions
(b) prominent hallucinations (throughout the day for several days or several times a week for several weeks, each hallucinatory experience not being limited to a few brief moments)
(c) incoherence or marked loosening of associations
(d) catatonic behavior
(e) flat or grossly inappropriate affect

2. Bizarre delusions (i.e. involving a phenomenon that the person’s culture would regard as totally implausible, e.g., thought broadcasting or being controlled by a dead person)

3. Prominent hallucinations (as defined in 1b above) of a voice with content having no apparent relation to depression or elation, or a voice keeping up a running commentary on the person’s behavior or thoughts, or two or more voices conversing with each other

B. During the course of the disturbance, functioning in areas such as work, social relations, and self-care is markedly below the highest level achieved before onset of the disturbance (or, when the onset is in childhood or adolescence, failure to achieve the expected level of social development).

C. Schizoaffective Disorder an Mood Disorder with Psychotic Features have been ruled out, i.e., if Major Depressive or Manic Syndrome has ever been present during an active phase of the disturbance, the total duration of all episodes of a mood syndrome has been brief relative to the total duration of the active and residual phases of the disturbance.

D. Continuous signs of the disturbance for at least six months. The six-month period must include an active phase (of at least one week, or less if symptoms have been successfully treated) during which there were psychotic symptoms characteristic of Schizophrenia (symptoms in A), with or without a prodromal or residual phase, as defined below.
Prodromal phase: A clear deterioration in functioning before the active phase of the disturbance that is not due to a disturbance in mood or to a Psychoactive Substance Use Disorder and that involves at leas two of the symptoms below.
Residual phase: Following the active phase of the disturbance, persistence of at least two of the symptoms noted below, these not being due to a disturbance in mood or to a Psychoactive Substance Use Disorder.
Prodromal or Residual Symptoms:
(1) marked social isolation or withdrawal
(2) marked impairment in role functioning as wage-earner, student, or homemaker
(3) markedly peculiar behavior (e.g. collecting garbage, talking to self in public, hoarding food)
(4) marked impairment in personal hygiene and grooming
(5) blunted or inappropriate affect
(6) digressive, vague, over-elaborate, or circumstantial speech, or poverty of speech, or poverty of content of speech
(7) odd beliefs or magical thinking, influencing behavior and inconsistent with cultural norms (e.g., superstitiousness, belief in clairvoyance, telepathy, “sixth sense”, “others can feel my feelings”, overvalued ideas, ideas of reference
(8) unusual perceptual experiences (e.g., recurrent illusions, sensing the presence of a force or a person not actually present)
(9) marked lack of initiative, interests or energy

E. It canot be established that an organic factor initiated and maintained the disturbance

F. If there is a history of Autistic Disorder, the additional diagnosis of Schizophrenia is made only if prominent delusions or hallucinations are present

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